{"id":30080,"date":"2023-09-19T19:35:10","date_gmt":"2023-09-19T14:05:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/technonguide.com\/?p=30080"},"modified":"2023-09-19T19:35:10","modified_gmt":"2023-09-19T14:05:10","slug":"what-is-predictive-coding-in-ediscovery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/technonguide.com\/what-is-predictive-coding-in-ediscovery\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is Predictive Coding in eDiscovery"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Artificial intelligence has become a part of every aspect of society.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The legal aspect is also affected through the implementation of predictive coding and eDiscovery.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But what is predictive coding in eDiscovery, and how do these terms correlate?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This article will cover the aspects of predictive coding theory. It will also provide a predictive coding eDiscovery definition.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By the end, you will have a complete overview and understanding of this type of legal document research.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Image credit: Scott Graham\/Unsplash.com<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_57_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\" role=\"button\"><label for=\"item-655dd92c7be31\" ><span class=\"\"><span style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input aria-label=\"Toggle\" aria-label=\"item-655dd92c7be31\"  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-655dd92c7be31\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/technonguide.com\/what-is-predictive-coding-in-ediscovery\/#What_Is_Predictive_Coding_in_eDiscovery\" title=\"What Is Predictive Coding in eDiscovery?\">What Is Predictive Coding in eDiscovery?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/technonguide.com\/what-is-predictive-coding-in-ediscovery\/#The_basic_process_of_predictive_coding\" title=\"The basic process of predictive coding\">The basic process of predictive coding<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/technonguide.com\/what-is-predictive-coding-in-ediscovery\/#When_Was_Predictive_Coding_First_Used_for_eDiscovery\" title=\"When Was Predictive Coding First Used for eDiscovery\">When Was Predictive Coding First Used for eDiscovery<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/technonguide.com\/what-is-predictive-coding-in-ediscovery\/#How_Predictive_Coding_Compares_to_CAL_and_TAR\" title=\"How Predictive Coding Compares to CAL and TAR?\">How Predictive Coding Compares to CAL and TAR?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/technonguide.com\/what-is-predictive-coding-in-ediscovery\/#Benefits_of_Predictive_Coding\" title=\"Benefits of Predictive Coding\">Benefits of Predictive Coding<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/technonguide.com\/what-is-predictive-coding-in-ediscovery\/#It_is_less_expensive_to_implement\" title=\"It is less expensive to implement\">It is less expensive to implement<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/technonguide.com\/what-is-predictive-coding-in-ediscovery\/#It_does_the_heavy_lifting\" title=\"It does the heavy lifting\">It does the heavy lifting<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/technonguide.com\/what-is-predictive-coding-in-ediscovery\/#It_is_less_susceptible_to_mistakes\" title=\"It is less susceptible to mistakes\">It is less susceptible to mistakes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/technonguide.com\/what-is-predictive-coding-in-ediscovery\/#It_is_quick_and_efficient\" title=\"It is quick and efficient\">It is quick and efficient<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/technonguide.com\/what-is-predictive-coding-in-ediscovery\/#Reasons_Why_Legal_Teams_Avoid_Predictive_Coding\" title=\"Reasons Why Legal Teams Avoid Predictive Coding\">Reasons Why Legal Teams Avoid Predictive Coding<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/technonguide.com\/what-is-predictive-coding-in-ediscovery\/#It_is_difficult_to_set_up\" title=\"It is difficult to set up\">It is difficult to set up<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/technonguide.com\/what-is-predictive-coding-in-ediscovery\/#It_doesnt_encourage_100_reliability\" title=\"It doesn\u2019t encourage 100% reliability\">It doesn\u2019t encourage 100% reliability<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/technonguide.com\/what-is-predictive-coding-in-ediscovery\/#It_promotes_uncertainty_among_legal_teams\" title=\"It promotes uncertainty among legal teams\">It promotes uncertainty among legal teams<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/technonguide.com\/what-is-predictive-coding-in-ediscovery\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_Predictive_Coding_in_eDiscovery\"><\/span><b>What Is Predictive Coding in eDiscovery?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Predictive coding is the technique of leveraging machine learning. Its goal is to search and find relevant documents based on previous review patterns. In eDiscovery, predictive coding <\/span><b>finds ESI (electronically stored information) for legal purposes.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is wrong to assume that predictive coding is another name for the algorithm used to extract information. It is, in fact, the entire process, which also includes the algorithm.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_basic_process_of_predictive_coding\"><\/span><b>The basic process of predictive coding<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Predictive coding is a type of machine learning.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As a process, it is relatively complicated to explain. The most basic way to provide an explanation of predictive coding in electronic discovery is by understanding how it works.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Predictive coding begins when the dedicated software learns specific search patterns. It does that through seed set data.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This seed set data can be a simple reference document. Humans have set the document as an example of what the machine should look for.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Skilled human reviewers then mark documents as relevant or irrelevant to a case. This tells the machine to use only the relevant documents during the learning phase.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the predictive coding process progresses, the machine improves. It produces quicker, more accurate results.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_Was_Predictive_Coding_First_Used_for_eDiscovery\"><\/span><b>When Was Predictive Coding First Used for eDiscovery<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Machine learning, data analytics, and information retrieval have existed for many years. In fact, the term machine learning was first used by Arthur Samuel in 1959.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, predictive coding and machine learning tools were not used for legal proceedings before 2012.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2012, a state court ruling was issued by the state judge in Virginia. It allowed predictive coding in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cloudficient.com\/blog\/ultimate-guide-to-ediscovery\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">eDiscovery examples<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, like the Global Aerospace case.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since then, the use of predictive coding has drastically increased. Judges have become more willing to approve the use of this technology. They often favor it due to the time-saving and cost efficiencies it offers.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Predictive_Coding_Compares_to_CAL_and_TAR\"><\/span><b>How Predictive Coding Compares to CAL and TAR?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>CAL stands for continuous active learning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It is a process used for machine learning but in a different way than predictive coding.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While predictive coding starts with a seed data set, CAL runs continuously. It is an automated approach. It begins to learn as soon as the team of human reviewers starts to sort relevant from irrelevant pieces of information.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>TAR (technology-assisted review)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, on the other hand, is used to represent different ways that a machine can learn to sort and review documents.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both predictive coding and continuous active learning are approach types to a technology-assisted review. They can be used to search, find, and review legal documents.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If these two approaches are similar, why would a team of reviewers use predictive coding for eDiscovery?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s have a look at the benefits that predictive coding can offer.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Benefits_of_Predictive_Coding\"><\/span><b>Benefits of Predictive Coding<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Predictive coding offers multiple functionality advantages compared to the old-fashioned human document sifting.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These advantages depend on each case.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"It_is_less_expensive_to_implement\"><\/span><b>It is less expensive to implement<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From a financial aspect, using the predictive coding technique saves money compared to a human document revision.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some cases may have thousands of documents that need reviewing, meaning that more expert people are needed to review them in a short amount of time. Conversely, this means an automatic increase in costs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the other hand, using predictive coding is much cheaper, as the process starts to rely on automation and is supervised by only a few human experts.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"It_does_the_heavy_lifting\"><\/span><b>It does the heavy lifting<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using predictive coding for eDiscovery means machines do all the heavy lifting regarding data processing and review.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All that human experts need to do is supervise the process and ensure the proper documents are being reviewed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"It_is_less_susceptible_to_mistakes\"><\/span><b>It is less susceptible to mistakes<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Going through thousands of documents for a case can be exhausting for humans. There is a high chance that someone, somewhere, will miss some part of vital information.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Machines rarely make mistakes and miss essential information if appropriately adjusted. More importantly, they can even uncover relevant information <\/span><b>semantically linked<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to the case.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This means they understand the case and try to extract as much relevant information as possible.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"It_is_quick_and_efficient\"><\/span><b>It is quick and efficient<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the most significant advantages of the predictive coding technique is its efficiency and swiftness in researching and finding relevant information.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This offers several advantages on its own.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For one, the faster the information is researched, the quicker the human counsel will learn all the relevant facts about the case. This means less preparation time and a better strategy in court.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Second, the quicker predictive coding uncovers relevant documents, the lesser the litigation costs. This also means the case will be solved quicker, saving time for the clients.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reasons_Why_Legal_Teams_Avoid_Predictive_Coding\"><\/span><b>Reasons Why Legal Teams Avoid Predictive Coding<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Besides some of the benefits that we\u2019ve just analyzed, there are also some challenges that legal teams face when using predictive coding.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"It_is_difficult_to_set_up\"><\/span><b>It is difficult to set up<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Predictive coding, as a type of machine learning, is not yet capable of performing tasks independently from the start. It must be set up properly by highly qualified experts in the field of law.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This means that the entire process starts and ends with human supervisors. They must be competent enough to gather the required seed set of data, set up the algorithm, and check that it\u2019s working correctly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Only this approach can ensure that the data collected by predictive coding is accurate and semantically connected.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"It_doesnt_encourage_100_reliability\"><\/span><b>It doesn\u2019t encourage 100% reliability<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even though it\u2019s starting to be widely used by legal teams, predictive coding is still not a 100% reliable solution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is because machine learning is still raising questions, such as how the algorithm can be capable of understanding semantically related topics and extracting them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is no certain answer to this type of question since the algorithm is self-taught.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On top of that, the opposing counsel may raise concerns about the training methods of the algorithm.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"It_promotes_uncertainty_among_legal_teams\"><\/span><b>It promotes uncertainty among legal teams<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another challenge with predictive coding in eDiscovery is that lawyers and legal teams are still unfamiliar with its process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They are intimidated by the level of involvement it takes to master predictive coding, as well as the amount of dedication it would take to implement it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because of this, a large part of the legal community is still hesitant about predictive coding for electronic evidence searches.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><b>Conclusion<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is no doubt that artificial intelligence will continue to evolve in the future.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the time being, predictive coding has proven to be a reliable asset and method in eDiscovery.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We hope that you now know what is predictive coding in eDiscovery and that you will see it as a reliable tool that can save both time and money during the electronic discovery process.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Artificial intelligence has become a part of every aspect of society. The legal aspect is<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30081,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[416],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Is Predictive Coding in eDiscovery<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Are you curious to know what is predictive coding in eDiscovery? 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